Epigraphy Tools

Browse all available epigraphy tools.

Available tools

AE Annual Epigraphique Reference Year-Number Parser Parse an Année Épigraphique reference of the form "AE <year>, <+?><item><letter?>" and report the four-digit year, item number, plus-prefix flag, and lowercase letter suffix.
Age at Death Formula Vixit Annis Extractor Extracts the age at death from 'vixit annis' funerary formulas, accepting Roman numerals or digits.
Age Notation Dots Annum Format Parser Parses 'annorum' age-at-death notations including interpunct-separated forms such as 'annorum·XX', reading Roman or decimal numerals.
Apex Accent Presence Counter for Vowels Counts vowels carrying an apex-style acute accent, combining marks included, and reports their density among all vowels.
AUC Ab Urbe Condita to BC/AD Converter Convert an Ab Urbe Condita year to a BC or AD calendar year using the Varronian founding epoch of 753 BC by default, or the Polybian-Catonian 752 BC and Dionysian 751 BC epochs.
Bissextile Leap Day VI Kal Mart Reference Detector Detects references to the Julian leap day through 'VI Kal. Mart.', 'bis sextum' or 'bissextile' phrasing.
Boundary Stone Terminator Term Detector Detect boundary-declaration terms in inscription text by whole-word matching the finis family (finis, fines, finibus, finium) and terminus family (terminus, termini, terminum, termine) case-insensitively.
Bustrophedon Direction Alternate-Line Detector Detects boustrophedon writing by checking whether per-line 'ltr'/'rtl' directions alternate on every line.
Cartouche Enclosure Oval Aspect Ratio Checker Check the height-to-width aspect ratio of a cartouche or oval enclosure and report its orientation.
Censorial Iteration Number Counter Decoder Decode the censorial-iteration count following a CENS (optionally CENSOR/CENSORIS/CENSORIA) marker with Roman-numeral or arabic numeral in an imperial titulature line.
Chisel Stroke Width Tool Size Class Estimator Estimate the chisel size class behind a letter stroke from its width in millimetres using configurable thresholds with defaults at 5 mm and 15 mm.
CIL Volume-Citation Number Parser Parse a Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum citation of the form "CIL <volume>, <number>" with the volume given in Roman or Arabic numerals and report both forms.
Cognomen Count Onomastic Element Tally Calculator Tallies the whitespace-separated onomastic elements of a Roman name and reports how many beyond praenomen and nomen are likely cognomina.
Cohort Century Rank Token Classifier Classifies military unit references by counting cohort (cohors, coh.) and century (centuria, cen.) tokens.
Columnar Support Diameter Height Ratio Classifier Classify a columnar inscription support by comparing its height-to-diameter slenderness ratio against the Vitruvian canonical heights for the selected classical order.
Common Latin Epigraphic Abbreviation Expander (DIS MANIBUS etc.) Expand common Latin epigraphic abbreviations (DM, DIS MAN, D M S, STTL, VSLM, HSE, PM, TR P, COS, HS and spaced variants) to full formulas, matching whole case-insensitive tokens after normalizing mid-dots to spaces.
Concordance Cross-Reference Duplicate Merge Detector Detect cross-concordance duplicates by matching references between two lists case-insensitively after trimming whitespace and report merge candidates in first-listed order.
Consular Dating Formula Name Extractor Extract the consul names preceding the eponymous COS mark in a Latin consular dating formula, splitting the nominative/dative pair on the conjunction ET.
Consular Pair Name Split Comma Parser Splits a comma-separated consular year line into its prior and posterior consuls.
Day Before Kalends Nones Ides Reverse Date Solver Converts inclusive ante diem counts against the kalends, nones or ides into the corresponding day of a month of known length.
Dedicatee Divine vs Mortal Classifier by Title Tokens Classify the dedicatee as divine or mortal from explicit markers in this documented order: a named deity wins; then any 'manibus' formula marks a mortal deceased; then god tokens (deo, deae, deis, dis, numini) mark divine; then 'bene merenti' or affectionate superlatives (memoriae, pientissimo/a, karissimo/a, dulcissimo/a) mark mortal; otherwise the result is uncertain.
Dis Manibus Formula Presence Frequency Tag Generator Tag an inscription with a presence label for the Dis Manibus formula family (D M, DM, D M S, DIS MANIB- in U/V spellings), reporting occurrence frequency, a 'formula:dis-manibus'/'formula:none' tag, and the first matched form as normalized uppercase.
DM Formula Variant Classifier (D M / DIS MAN / D M S) Bounded supplied Latin funerary formula expansion, not reading damaged marks or provenance/chronology identification.
Editorial Crux Dagger Marker Flag Checker Flag crux translationis daggers (U+2020) in an editorial transcription, reporting their count and zero-based character positions.
Erasure Marker Double Slash Detector Detect double-slash erasure (rasura) markers in a transcription, defined as runs of at least two forward or backward slashes, reporting run count, start positions, and the longest slash run.
Filiation F Pattern Parentage Extractor Extracts Roman parentage filiations such as 'M. f.' or 'filius' together with the father-name token they follow.
Formula Word Position Trend Across Corpus Analyzer Locate a formula word in each corpus line (case-insensitive first occurrence), average its relative position from 0 (line start) to 1 (line end), and label the trend initial (<1/3), medial (<2/3), or terminal.
Fracture Join Match Piece Count Reconciler Reconcile a fragment assembly by reporting how many pieces remain unjoined and what percentage of the fragments have been matched into joins.
Fragment Join Confidence Edge Profile Scorer Score the confidence of a fragment join as the average of edge-profile agreement and a thickness similarity derived from the measured difference and a maximum tolerance.
Gentilicium Italian Origin Hint Checker Apply a transparent typological heuristic in which a single-word nomen ending in -ius (masculine) or -ia with at least five letters (feminine) hints at an Italian/Latin gentilicial origin.
Greek Inscription Abbreviation Expander Nomina Sacra Expand Greek nomen sacrum abbreviations (ΘΣ ΚΣ ΙΣ/ΙΗΣ ΧΣ ΠΝΑ ΣΩΡ ΠΗΡ ΜΗΡ ΥΣ ΔΑΔ ΙΛΗΜ ΙΣΡΛ ΕΚΚΛΣ) to their uninflected nominative lemmas by convention, matching whole case-insensitive tokens.
Guide Line Incision Presence Grid Spacing Checker Check whether measured guide-line incision spacings form a regular grid by comparing each spacing against the mean within a percentage tolerance.
Hic Situs Est Sepulchral Formula Detector Detect the sepulchral burial formula distinguishing masculine situs from feminine sita.
Honorific Statue Base Genre Marker Checker Score honorific statue-base markers by matching documented phrases ('ob merita', 'ob excellentem', 'ob insignem', 'ob munificentiam') and tokens (honori, honore, patrono, patronae, civi, beneficiario, equiti), add one point for a dative dedicatee when any marker matches, and label the base honorific-high at a score of two or more, honorific-low at one, otherwise not-honorific.
ICS Ref Number Format Validator (Inscriptiones Christianae) Validate and normalize an Inscriptiones Christianae citation of the form "ICS <Roman volume>, <entry number>", returning the canonical form and parsed parts.
IG Inscription Corpus Citation Formatter Format an Inscriptiones Graecae citation as "IG <Roman volume><edition superscript> <number>", using a superscript marker only for revised editions (1-3).
Illegible Letter N-Dot Sequence Encoder Encode a lacuna of n illegible letters in Leiden notation as a square-bracketed dot series such as [....], using periods by default or middle dots.
Imperial Titulature Element Order Checker Check that imperial titulature elements appear in canonical order (imperator first, paterPatriae last, and under the default standard scheme also tribPotestas before consul), accepting common abbreviations IMP TR P COS PP case-insensitively.
Interpunct Word Divider Density per Line Calculator Counts middle-dot interpunct word dividers across transcription lines and reports their average density per line.
Lead Pipe Stamp Fistulae Calx Reading Note Generator Generate a standardized cataloguing note for a lead pipe (fistula) stamp that quotes the reading verbatim and records whether an accompanying calx (chalk) mark was observed.
Legion Name Numerical Identifier Extractor Extracts legion numbers from LEG designations written with Roman numerals or digits.
Leiden Half-Bracket Lacuna Marker Checker ((.)) Validate Leiden half-bracket corner marks U+231C-U+231F that frame partially preserved letters, counting each corner type and reporting the zero-based position of the first mismatched or unmatched corner (-1 when balanced).
Leiden System Bracket Pair Validator ([ ]) Validate square-bracket pairing and nesting in a Leiden-system transcription, counting bracket pairs, maximum nesting depth, and reporting the zero-based character position of the first unmatched bracket (-1 when balanced).
Letter Count Per Line Capacity Estimator Estimates how many letters fit per line by dividing the usable stone width by the letter advance plus optional inter-letter spacing.
Letter Count Per Line Capacity Estimator Practice Create reproducible practice for Letter Count Per Line Capacity Estimator from supplied scenarios, returning validated questions and computed answers under the source tool's assumptions and limits.
Letter Frequency Distribution Epigraphic Corpus Histogram Build a 26-slot A-Z frequency histogram for an inscription text, folding diacritics into their base Latin letters and reporting the total plus the first most frequent letter.
Letter Height Millimetre Average Measurer Normalizer Averages a series of measured letter heights in millimetres and reports the observed range.
Libertus Status Indicator L Suffix Detector Detect the L (libertus) status marker token following a name in an inscription.
Lichen Coverage Percent Colonization Rate Calculator Compute the lichen colonization rate of an inscription surface as a percentage and fraction from the covered and total sampled areas.
Line Count from Text Length and Column Width Estimator Estimate how many inscribed lines a text of given character length occupies at an average column width in characters per line, rounding up to whole lines.
Line Count from Text Length and Column Width Estimator Practice Create reproducible practice for Line Count from Text Length and Column Width Estimator from supplied scenarios, returning validated questions and computed answers under the source tool's assumptions and limits.
Margin Left Right Top Bottom Symmetry Deviation Rater Rate layout symmetry of an inscribed field by measuring the absolute deviations between opposing left-right and top-bottom margins.
Margin Left Right Top Bottom Symmetry Deviation Rater Practice Create reproducible practice for Margin Left Right Top Bottom Symmetry Deviation Rater from supplied scenarios, returning validated questions and computed answers under the source tool's assumptions and limits.
Milestone Distance Number MP Extractor Extract the Roman-numeral distance from a Roman-milestone 'MP' reading such as "M P XII", accepting spaced or dotted markers case-insensitively and validating the numeral against strict subtractive grammar.
Missing Text Length Reconstruction from Line Average Calculator Reconstruct the total character length of a lost or damaged inscription text from its surviving line count and the average characters per line.
Missing Text Length Reconstruction from Line Average Practice Create reproducible practice for Missing Text Length Reconstruction from Line Average Calculator from supplied scenarios, returning validated questions and computed answers under the source tool's assumptions and limits.
Missio Honesta Discharge Type Term Classifier Classifies Roman military discharge wording into honesta, causaria or ignominiosa missio by the earliest matching term.
Month Name Roman Calendar Token Mapper Maps Latin month names, including archaic Quintilis and Sextilis, to their Gregorian month numbers.
Multispectral Band Selection Note Generator for Inks Generate a deterministic imaging note recommending multispectral capture bands for an ink type from a fixed lookup (iron-gall, carbon-based, sepia), with optional removal of the ultraviolet band.
Onomastic Region Origin Probability Hint Scorer Score explicit onomastic markers one point each (Latin gentilicium toward Italian origin, Greek name elements toward Greek origin, local epithet toward a regional origin) and hint at the single leading class or 'uncertain' on ties.
Ordinal Suffix on Consul Times Counter Counts consulship iterations from 'cos.' ordinal numerals and standalone 'iter(um)' markers in titulature.
Palimpsest Under-Text Trace Visibility Grade Rater Rate the visibility of palimpsest under-text traces on an equal-quartile scale from negligible through faint and moderate to high.
Pater Patriae Title Presence Position Checker Detect the Pater Patriae honorific (spelled out or as P PATRIAE with optional interpuncts) in an inscription and report occurrence count plus its position among whitespace-separated tokens.
Patronymic Lytic Suffix Greek Detector Flag Latinized Greek patronymic adjective endings (-iades, -ides, -idas checked in that order, requiring at least two letters before the suffix) on a personal name.
Pediment Frame Triangle Angle Geometry Checker Check the raking geometry of a pediment frame triangle by deriving the apex angle from the two measured base angles.
PHI CD Number Region Bucket Lookup Assign a Packhum Inscriptiones CD-ROM number to its thousand-range numeric bucket (a structural grouping aid for batch scans, not a scholarly region attribution).
Photogrammetry Overlap Percent Coverage Rule Checker Check whether image forward and side overlap percentages satisfy a coverage rule (defaults 60% forward, 20% side) and report any deficits.
Proconsul Province Name Association Extractor Extracts the province name that follows a proconsul or procos. token, including 'provinciae'-bridged phrases.
Raking Light Angle Shadow Contrast Optimizer Compute the raking-light incidence angle that casts a shadow of a chosen length across carved relief of a given height.
Recut Over Original Overlay Offset Detector Quantify the displacement of a recut letter over its original cut from signed x and y offsets, reporting magnitude and direction in degrees.
Recut Over Original Overlay Offset Detector Practice Create reproducible practice for Recut Over Original Overlay Offset Detector from supplied scenarios, returning validated questions and computed answers under the source tool's assumptions and limits.
Regnal Year to Absolute Year Converter Convert a regnal year to an absolute BC/AD calendar year from the ruler's accession year and era, counting the accession year itself as regnal year one.
Relief Depth mm Shallow-Medium-Deep Band Classifier Assign a measured relief depth in millimetres to a shallow, medium, or deep band using configurable thresholds with defaults at 2 mm and 10 mm.
RIB Roman Inscription Britain Reference Parser Parse a Roman Inscription of Britain reference of the form "RIB <optional Roman volume> <entry>" and report the volume numeral (empty string and 0 when the default volume is implied) plus the entry number.
Roman Numeral Inscription Value Parser Validator Parse a Latin inscription numeral (characters I V X L C D M, case- and whitespace-tolerant) into its numeric value under the classical subtractive or pure additive convention, with epigraphic fourfold repetition (IIII) allowed by default.
RTI Highlight Count Sufficiency Checker for Dome Capture Check whether a reflectance transformation imaging dome capture provides enough highlight positions against a configurable recommended minimum of 24.
Rubbing Wax Transfer Legibility Grade Rater Rate the letterform legibility of a wax or graphite rubbing on an equal-quartile scale from poor through fair and good to excellent.
Rubrication Paint Trace Residue Detection Flag Raise a rubrication flag when pigment residue is present on the inscription surface and its observed hue category is red.
Salt Efflorescence Subflorescence Type Classifier Classify observed salt damage as efflorescence or subflorescence according to whether crystallization occurs on the surface or beneath it.
Script Module Width-to-Height Ratio Rater Rates a letter module's width-to-height ratio against a configurable reference proportion, defaulting to the common 0.75 lapidary module.
SEG Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum Entry Parser Parse a Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum reference of the form "SEG <volume>, <entry><letter?>" into its arabic volume, entry number, and optional lowercase letter suffix.
Serif Style Era Classifier Heuristically classifies lapidary lettering as Republican (hairline serifs) or Imperial (robust slab serifs) from the serif-to-stroke width ratio against a configurable threshold.
Sibei / Sibi Debitae Formula Variant Checker Check which spelling of the sibei/sibi heirs-formula pronoun an inscription uses and whether a debit- form accompanies it.
Sigla Abbreviation Stop Mark Position Checker (mid-dot) Check middle-dot (interpunct U+00B7) stop marks in name tokens of an inscription, counting their occurrences and flagging any token with a leading or trailing dot as malformed sigla punctuation.
Sinistroverse Leftward Script Direction Flag Checker Flags whether a script direction token describes leftward (sinistroverse) rather than rightward writing.
Squeeze Paper Squeeze Dimension Distortion Corrector Correct squeeze (paper cast) dimensions back to stone-face dimensions by removing an assumed linear shrinkage or expansion of the paper.
Stipendiorum Years-of-Service Number Extractor Extracts years of military service counts following 'stip(endiorum)' tokens in Roman numerals or digits.
Stoichedon Grid Alignment Checker Judges whether measured vertical line pitches are regular enough to indicate stoichedon grid alignment within a tolerance.
Stone Surface Area Face Dimension Calculator Compute the inscribed surface area of a stone face from its width and height in centimetres, reported in square centimetres and square metres.
Stone Surface Area Face Dimension Practice Create reproducible practice for Stone Surface Area Face Dimension Calculator from supplied scenarios, returning validated questions and computed answers under the source tool's assumptions and limits.
STTL Funerary Acronym Expander Expand the funerary acronym STTL to Sit Tibi Terra Levis and report its dotted rendering.
Subtractive Notation Rule Violation Detector (IIII vs IV) List violations of the classical subtractive canon in a Roman numeral (only I X C may subtract, only the pairs IV IX XL XC CD CM are legal, no stacked subtractors, V L D never repeat) with a configurable repetition ceiling.
Supplied Letters Square Bracket Counter Count the letters an editor has restored inside square brackets of a Leiden transcription, tallying bracket pairs and every alphabetic character (Latin or Greek) found between brackets.
Tabula Ansata Panel Shape Coordinate Note Generator Generate a descriptive cataloguing note plus side inset and trapezoid area for a tabula ansata panel from its parallel edge lengths and height.
Theophoric Name Element Detector Detect theophoric name elements by substring-matching a fixed list of common Greco-Roman divine stems (longest first) and report the matched stem and deity, or a negative result.
Tria Nomina Completeness Structure Analyzer Analyzes whether a Roman name supplies the full tria nomina using standard praenomen tokens and gentilicial -ius/-eus/-ia/-ea nomen endings.
Tribe Assignment Quartum Tribu Clause Detector Detects Roman tribe assignment clauses in either 'Fabia tribu' or 'tribu Galeria' order and reports the tribe name.
Tribunician Power Count Year Extractor Read the tribunician-power count (TR P / TR POT / TRIB POT n) out of an imperial titulature and convert it to astronomical signed years (negative = BC, e.g., -22 = 23 BC) from an accession epoch, assuming renewal on December 10 by default or January 1.
Trismegistos Number Format Check Check that a Trismegistos identifier consists of the optional prefix 'TM' followed by one to six digits and return it normalized with its numeric value.
Underdot Uncertain Letter Marker Validator Validate combining-dot-below marks (U+0323) that flag uncertain letters in a transcription, counting properly dotted letters and rejecting orphaned or doubled dots.
Unit Veteran Dedication Beneficiarii Term Detector Detects and counts beneficiarii rank terms marking soldiers seconded to staff duties.
Vacat Dot Series Length Counter Count runs of dot characters ('.' or middle dot U+00B7) recording vacant spaces in a transcription, tallying series at or above a minimum length (default 3 dots), the longest series, and the total dot count.
Verse Line Divider Pipe Counter for Carmina Count vertical-bar verse dividers in a carmina transcription, where the number of verse lines equals the divider count plus one.
Votive versus Funerary Genre Quick Classifier Quickly label an inscription votive, funerary, mixed, or uncertain by matching documented marker sets in the joined formula words (votive: 'v s l m', libens merito, donum dedit, votum solvit, vslm, donavit, dedicavit; funerary: dis manibus, sit tibi terra levis, hic iacet, in pace, manibus, memoriae, sttl).
VSLM Votive Fulfilment Formula Detector Detect the votum solvit laetus|libens|lubens merito fulfilment formula and its attested variant.
Weathering Degree Scale 0-5 Fitzner Heindrichs Simplified Rater Rate stone weathering on the simplified six-step degree scale, mapping an integer degree from 0 (none) to 5 (extreme) to a verbal label and severity fraction.