Use Allele Frequency p when you need to estimate dominant allele frequency p from genotype counts using p = (2*AA + Aa) / (2*total). Enter Homozygous dominant (AA), Heterozygous (Aa), and Homozygous recessive (aa) using the definitions and units below so the result can be reproduced.

Homozygous dominant (AA)

An integer count or setting greater than or equal to 0.

Heterozygous (Aa)

An integer count or setting greater than or equal to 0.

Homozygous recessive (aa)

An integer count or setting greater than or equal to 0.

The published tool contract uses this rule: Estimate dominant allele frequency p from genotype counts using p = (2*AA + Aa) / (2*total).

Allele frequency p

The calculated allele frequency p.

The output is an estimate tied to the stated model and coefficients; it is not a direct measurement and should retain that label when reported.

Retain the original Homozygous dominant (AA), Heterozygous (Aa), and Homozygous recessive (aa) values and their units alongside the result. Genotype Frequencies is useful when you instead need to compute expected Hardy-Weinberg genotype frequencies p^2, 2pq, and q^2 from an allele frequency. Carrier Frequency provides another view by helping you estimate heterozygous carrier frequency 2q(1-q) from the incidence q^2 of a recessive disease.

• Genotype Frequencies

  Compute expected Hardy-Weinberg genotype frequencies p^2, 2pq, and q^2 from an allele frequency.

• Carrier Frequency

  Estimate heterozygous carrier frequency 2q(1-q) from the incidence q^2 of a recessive disease.

• X-Linked Male Frequency

  Compute the frequency of affected males for an X-linked recessive trait, equal to the recessive allele frequency q under Hardy-Weinberg assumptions.