Internal Standard Normalization

Normalize analyte peak areas against matched internal-standard injections.

Description

Internal-standard normalization divides paired analyte responses by standard responses.

Internal-standard normalization divides paired analyte responses by standard responses. Multiplication by the supplied standard concentration adds a simple response-equality assumption.^[1]

Normalize analyte peak areas against matched internal-standard injections.

When to use Internal Standard Normalization

Use this tool to normalize analyte peak areas against matched internal-standard injections.

Prepare the measured profile, formula counts, upstream model outputs or caller-defined reference criteria requested. Keep paired entries aligned and units, sample basis and preprocessing consistent.

How to use Internal Standard Normalization and understand its results

Prepare the measured profile, formula counts, upstream model outputs or caller-defined reference criteria requested. Keep paired entries aligned and units, sample basis and preprocessing consistent.
Enter analytePeakAreas, internalStandardAreas, internalStandardConcentration using the field table and calculation rules, then run the tool.
Read areaRatios, normalizedConcentrations. The explanation below defines the units, signs, ordering and any flags or placeholder values.
If the tool reports an input issue, correct the values and run it again. Apply the stated assumptions when interpreting a successfully returned result.

Input field	Meaning	Value type; see rules below	Requirement
analytePeakAreas	Analyte peak areas	list of number	Required
internalStandardAreas	Internal standard areas	list of number	Required
internalStandardConcentration	Internal standard concentration	number	Required

Enter nonempty aligned finite analyte areas, positive standard areas and positive standard concentration. Return ratios and scaled concentrations in original order; analyte areas may be signed.

ratio_i=analyteArea_i/standardArea_i; scaled_i=ratio_i×standardConcentration

Units, indexing, boundary conditions and exceptional cases are defined in the calculation rules above.

Output field	Meaning	Value type
areaRatios	Area ratios	list of number
normalizedConcentrations	Normalized concentrations	list of number

json

{
  "input": {
    "analytePeakAreas": [
      10,
      20
    ],
    "internalStandardAreas": [
      2,
      4
    ],
    "internalStandardConcentration": 5
  },
  "output": {
    "areaRatios": [
      5,
      5
    ],
    "normalizedConcentrations": [
      25,
      25
    ]
  }
}

Limitations and assumptions

No analyte-specific response factor, calibration fitting or recovery correction is included.

Numeric inputs must be finite. Follow the calculation-specific rules for overflow, underflow and exceptional cases. Lists are limited to 100,000 entries; the rules above may require smaller limits. Missing required fields, extra fields, wrong value types and violations of the calculation rules are input errors.

Alternative or Complementary methods

Use Internal Standard Concentration: Quantify analyte concentration from internal-standard area and caller-provided response factor. For a complementary task, use Matrix Ion Suppression: Quantify matrix-induced ion suppression or enhancement using a post-extraction spike.

References

Internal Standard Normalization — tool.io

Similar or alternative tools

Internal Standard Concentration
Quantify analyte concentration from internal-standard area and caller-provided response factor.
Matrix Ion Suppression
Quantify matrix-induced ion suppression or enhancement using a post-extraction spike.