Heavy Liquid SG Estimate

Bracket specimen density from caller calibrated liquid sink/neutral/float observations, preserving unresolved intervals rather than naming a material; no heavy-liquid preparation, handling or care guidance.

Description

Buoyancy observations in calibrated liquids can bracket a specimen's density.

Buoyancy observations in calibrated liquids can bracket a specimen's density. An observed neutral state can identify a point within that measurement model.^[1]

When to use Heavy Liquid SG Estimate

Use this tool to bracket specimen density from caller calibrated liquid sink/neutral/float observations, preserving unresolved intervals rather than naming a material; no heavy-liquid preparation, handling or care guidance.

Prepare the gemstone measurements, spectra or comparison data and any supplied calibration parameters. Check units, reference conditions and record alignment.

How to use Heavy Liquid SG Estimate and understand its results

Prepare the gemstone measurements, spectra or comparison data and any supplied calibration parameters. Check units, reference conditions and record alignment.
Enter referenceLiquidDensitiesGramsPerCm3, referenceBeadBuoyancyCodes using the field table and calculation rules, then run the tool.
Read estimatedDensityLowerGramsPerCm3, estimatedDensityUpperGramsPerCm3, neutralDensityObserved. The explanation below defines the units, signs, ordering and any flags or placeholder values.
If the tool reports an input issue, correct the values and run it again. Apply the stated assumptions when interpreting a successfully returned result.

Input field	Meaning	Value type; see rules below	Requirement
referenceLiquidDensitiesGramsPerCm3	Reference liquid densities grams per cm3	list of number	Required
referenceBeadBuoyancyCodes	Reference bead buoyancy codes	list of number	Required

Use increasing positive liquid densities and aligned monotone codes −1 sink, 0 neutral, +1 float. Permit at most one neutral density, returning equal lower/upper bounds if present; otherwise require both sink and float observations. Return bounds in g/cm³ and the neutral flag.

Paired lists must be nonempty and have equal lengths. Each sequence checked for increasing order must contain at least two strictly increasing values.

density bracket=[highest sink-liquid density,lowest float-liquid density]

Units, indexing, boundary conditions and exceptional cases are defined in the calculation rules above.

Output field	Meaning	Value type
estimatedDensityLowerGramsPerCm3	Estimated density lower grams per cm3	number
estimatedDensityUpperGramsPerCm3	Estimated density upper grams per cm3	number
neutralDensityObserved	Neutral density observed	boolean

json

{
  "input": {
    "referenceLiquidDensitiesGramsPerCm3": [
      2,
      3,
      4
    ],
    "referenceBeadBuoyancyCodes": [
      -1,
      0,
      1
    ]
  },
  "output": {
    "estimatedDensityLowerGramsPerCm3": 3,
    "estimatedDensityUpperGramsPerCm3": 3,
    "neutralDensityObserved": true
  }
}

Limitations and assumptions

Unbounded extrapolation and inconsistent observations are rejected. Density compatibility does not identify material.

Numeric inputs and returned numeric values must be finite; an unrepresentable returned value produces an error. Numeric lists are limited to 100,000 entries; the rules above may require smaller limits. Missing required fields, extra fields, wrong value types and violations of the calculation rules are input errors. A successfully returned false flag is an evaluated outcome; its meaning is explained above.

Alternative or Complementary methods

Use Specific Gravity Hydrostatic: Correct separate air/immersed suspension tares before hydrostatic density and SG relative to declared water reference, retaining negative apparent immersed readings for floating materials; neglects air buoyancy, pores and bubbles and does not identify a gemstone. For a complementary task, use Amber Buoyancy Quick Test: Compare binary float/sink bracket to caller candidate density interval, without neutral-density readings; compatibility alone cannot identify amber, exclude resin/imitation or validate a preparation/handling method.

References

Heavy Liquid SG Estimate — tool.io

Similar or alternative tools

Specific Gravity Hydrostatic
Correct separate air/immersed suspension tares before hydrostatic density and SG relative to declared water reference, retaining negative apparent immersed readings for floating materials; neglects air buoyancy, pores and bubbles and does not identify a gemstone.
Amber Buoyancy Quick Test
Compare binary float/sink bracket to caller candidate density interval, without neutral-density readings; compatibility alone cannot identify amber, exclude resin/imitation or validate a preparation/handling method.