Use this electronics calculation for a first-pass component, converter, signal, motor, or sensor estimate when the stated operating conditions and units match the device data.

Radial Speed Meters Per Second (m/s)

Required number input.

Carrier Hertz (Hz)

Required number input.

Monostatic radar Doppler frequency shift for a signed line-of-sight radial speed, with closing defined positive. The tool evaluates the supplied inputs together and returns the named outputs below; it does not infer omitted operating conditions or change the units shown.^[1]

Doppler Hertz (Hz)

The resulting doppler hertz returned as a number.

• Radar range, received power, Doppler, cross section, and pulse-compression formulas depend on target aspect and fluctuation, waveform, antenna pattern, propagation, clutter, losses, noise figure, integration, detection probability, and false-alarm criterion. A nominal RCS is not constant across frequency or view angle.
• Use finite inputs in the displayed units and preserve more precision than the final presentation requires. Independently verify safety-critical, financial, compliance, or production decisions.

Check the result against the current datasheet and worst-case operating corners, then verify the circuit or measurement with simulation and bench testing where failure matters.

• PCB Impedance Mismatch Reflection

  Calculate signed voltage reflection coefficient at a PCB transmission-line load as (Zload−Z0)/(Zload+Z0) for real positive impedances.

• Ac Motor Reactive Power

  Calculate positive reactive-power magnitude for a balanced three-phase motor from line voltage, line current, and power factor.

• Finite-Gain Closed-Loop Error

  Calculate feedback closed-loop gain A/(1+Aβ) and percent error relative to ideal 1/β. Assumes negative feedback with positive real open-loop gain and feedback factor; frequency dependence is excluded.