Use this electronics calculation for a first-pass component, converter, signal, motor, or sensor estimate when the stated operating conditions and units match the device data.

Multiplied photocurrent (A)

Required number input.

Unity-gain photocurrent (A)

Required number input.

Calculate avalanche photodiode current multiplication from multiplied photocurrent and unity-gain primary photocurrent after dark-current subtraction. The tool evaluates the supplied inputs together and returns the named outputs below; it does not infer omitted operating conditions or change the units shown.^[1]

APD multiplication

The resulting apd multiplication returned as a number.

• APD gain and excess-noise models depend on material, wavelength, bias, temperature, ionization ratio, bandwidth, and device construction. Operation near breakdown requires the manufacturer's limits and a complete noise and bias-stability analysis.
• Use finite inputs in the displayed units and preserve more precision than the final presentation requires. Independently verify safety-critical, financial, compliance, or production decisions.

Check the result against the current datasheet and worst-case operating corners, then verify the circuit or measurement with simulation and bench testing where failure matters.

• PIN Responsivity

  Calculate a PIN photodiode's measured electrical responsivity from dark-subtracted photocurrent and incident optical power.

• APD Excess Noise Factor

  Calculate electron-injection APD excess noise factor from gain and ionization-rate ratio using the McIntyre uniform-field model.

• Photodiode Dark Current

  Empirical dark-current estimate from a measured reference current and an assumed doubling interval in temperature.