Use this population- or quantitative-genetics calculation when genotype counts, variance components, pedigree relationships, and ploidy follow the definitions assumed by the tool.

AA count

An integer count greater than or equal to 0.

AB count

An integer count greater than or equal to 0.

BB count

An integer count greater than or equal to 0.

The implementation follows this calculation rule: Compute allele A frequency p = (2*AA + AB) / (2*(AA + AB + BB)) from genotype counts.

Allele A frequency

The calculated allele a frequency.

Allele frequencies and genetic parameters describe the sampled population and model. Population structure, relatedness, selection, genotyping error, non-random mating, environmental covariance, and omitted variance components can bias interpretation. Preserve the input values and units so the result can be audited and recalculated.

Inspect genotype counts and Hardy–Weinberg diagnostics, or fit a pedigree/genomic mixed model when individual records are available. Confidence intervals and replication across populations are more informative than a point estimate alone.

• Allele Frequency p

  Estimate dominant allele frequency p from genotype counts using p = (2*AA + Aa) / (2*total).

• HW Chi-Square

  Compute a chi-square statistic comparing observed genotype counts against Hardy-Weinberg expectations derived from an allele frequency.

• Genotype Frequencies

  Compute expected Hardy-Weinberg genotype frequencies p^2, 2pq, and q^2 from an allele frequency.