Use this palaeographic utility to apply a stated dating, script, abbreviation, codicological, metrological, layout, or condition rule consistently while preparing manuscripts for scholarly review.

Strokes

Pen strokes counted across the sampled letters.

Letters

Letters in the measured sample.

Pen lifts

Pen lifts (nib raised between strokes) in the sample.

Rate script ductus complexity under the stated rule: strokes per letter with bands economical (<3), moderate (3-6) and complex (>6), plus pen lifts per letter as a secondary index. The tool evaluates the supplied inputs together and returns the named outputs below; it does not infer omitted operating conditions or change the units shown.^[1]

Strokes/letter

Strokes divided by letters.

Lifts/letter

Pen lifts divided by letters.

Ductus band

Ductus band from the stated thresholds.

• Script and manuscript evidence varies by language, region, institution, period, scribe, material, restoration, and cataloguing convention. A heuristic flag or score is not an authoritative date, hand attribution, reading, provenance, or conservation diagnosis.
• Use finite inputs in the displayed units and preserve more precision than the final presentation requires. Independently verify safety-critical, financial, compliance, or production decisions.

Retain page images, scale, foliation, material, provenance, diplomatic transcription, uncertainty, and comparison exemplars; confirm conclusions with codicological context and specialist judgment.

• Italic Slant Degree Rater

  Rate the pen slant of an italic hand under the stated bands measured clockwise from vertical: under 6 degrees upright, under 12 slight_slant, under 20 chancery_italic, and 20 to 45 steep_cursive.

• Wormhole Density Rater

  Convert counted wormholes on a measured leaf into holes per square decimetre with exact arithmetic and rate them on the stated bands (none at zero, light under two, moderate under six, heavy from six).

• Expunging Blackout Rater

  Rate how heavily an entry was expunged under the stated rule: share of lines blacked out banded as untouched (0%), spot (<10%), partial (10-50%) or wholesale (>50%), with fullyBlackedOut set when every line is struck or the observer declares whole-entry erasure.