QRNG Sample Bit Extractor
Threshold supplied vacuum-noise samples into a deterministic bit sequence for downstream randomness testing.
Description
Thresholding converts supplied noise measurements into a deterministic bit sequence.
Thresholding converts supplied noise measurements into a deterministic bit sequence. Sample acquisition and randomness extraction are separate steps.1
Threshold supplied vacuum-noise samples into a deterministic bit sequence for downstream randomness testing.
When to use QRNG Sample Bit Extractor
Use this tool to threshold supplied vacuum-noise samples into a deterministic bit sequence for downstream randomness testing.
Prepare the optical measurements, geometry, fitted coefficients or caller-selected thresholds requested. Confirm wavelength, radius/diameter, pulse-width, angle and unit conventions before running the calculation.
How to use QRNG Sample Bit Extractor and understand its results
- Prepare the optical measurements, geometry, fitted coefficients or caller-selected thresholds requested. Confirm wavelength, radius/diameter, pulse-width, angle and unit conventions before running the calculation.
- Enter shotNoiseSamples, threshold using the field table and calculation rules, then run the tool.
- Read bits, zeroCount, oneCount, oneFraction. The explanation below defines the units, signs, ordering and any flags or placeholder values.
- If the tool reports an input issue, correct the values and run it again. Apply the stated assumptions when interpreting a successfully returned result.
| Input field | Meaning | Value type; see rules below | Requirement |
|---|---|---|---|
| shotNoiseSamples | Normalized shot-noise samples | list of number | Required |
| threshold | Bit threshold | number | Required |
Enter nonempty finite samples and finite threshold. Return ordered bits, zero/one counts and one fraction. Equality maps to one.
bit_i=1 if sample_i≥threshold else 0 Units, indexing, boundary conditions and exceptional cases are defined in the calculation rules above.
| Output field | Meaning | Value type |
|---|---|---|
| bits | Extracted bits | list of number |
| zeroCount | Zero count | integer; minimum: 0 |
| oneCount | One count | integer; minimum: 0 |
| oneFraction | One fraction | number; minimum: 0; maximum: 1 |
{
"input": {
"shotNoiseSamples": [
-1,
0.2,
0.5,
-0.1
],
"threshold": 0
},
"output": {
"bits": [
0,
1,
1,
0
],
"zeroCount": 2,
"oneCount": 2,
"oneFraction": 0.5
}
}Limitations and assumptions
No quantum measurement, entropy estimation, debiasing or cryptographic randomness guarantee is provided.
Numeric inputs must be finite. Follow the calculation-specific rules for overflow, underflow and exceptional cases. Lists are limited to 100,000 entries; the rules above may require smaller limits. Missing required fields, extra fields, wrong value types and violations of the calculation rules are input errors.
Alternative or Complementary methods
Use Homodyne Quadrature Statistics: Calculate mean and population variance for shot-noise-normalized homodyne quadratures. For a complementary task, use HBT Correlation: Calculate normalized zero-delay HBT second-order correlation.
References
-
QRNG Sample Bit Extractor — tool.io
Similar or alternative tools
- Homodyne Quadrature Statistics
Calculate mean and population variance for shot-noise-normalized homodyne quadratures.
- HBT Correlation
Calculate normalized zero-delay HBT second-order correlation.