Description
Return emptyBedMinutes = 60*bedVolume/flowPerHour and voidResidenceMinutes = emptyBedMinutes*voidFraction.
Nominal hydraulic ratios connect flow to area, length, volume or travel time. These local terms depend on active geometry and steady conditions; they do not describe a full distribution of velocities, residence times or treatment performance.
Return emptyBedMinutes = 60*bedVolume/flowPerHour and voidResidenceMinutes = emptyBedMinutes*voidFraction.
When to use this tool
Use Activated Carbon Empty BED Contact Time when checking one supplied hydraulic loading, clearance, volume or travel-time term.
How to use the tool and how it works
- Enter bedVolume, flowPerHour, voidFraction. Use the units and conventions below.
- Run the tool. Correct any format, range, or cross-field input error before interpreting the output.
- Read emptyBedMinutes, voidResidenceMinutes. Use the output convention below.
Require nonnegative bedVolume, positive flowPerHour and voidFraction in [0,1]. Return emptyBedMinutes = 60*bedVolume/flowPerHour and voidResidenceMinutes = emptyBedMinutes*voidFraction.1
| Input field | Meaning and units | Accepted input |
|---|---|---|
| bedVolume | Bed Volume | Required. Finite number; minimum 0. |
| flowPerHour | Flow Per Hour | Required. Finite number; strictly above 0. |
| voidFraction | Void Fraction | Required. Finite number; minimum 0; maximum 1. |
| Output field | Interpretation | Returned shape |
|---|---|---|
| emptyBedMinutes | Empty Bed Minutes Unit: min. | Required. Finite number. |
| voidResidenceMinutes | Void Residence Minutes Unit: min. | Required. Finite number. |
{
"input": {
"bedVolume": 10,
"flowPerHour": 30,
"voidFraction": 0.4
},
"output": {
"emptyBedMinutes": 20,
"voidResidenceMinutes": 8
}
}Limitations and assumptions
- Use bed and hourly-flow volume units consistently. The distinction is whole-bed versus void volume; neither nominal time establishes adsorption breakthrough, required treatment performance or actual residence-time distribution.
- Inputs must satisfy both the field types and the cross-field conditions above. Invalid input causes an error; a successful false flag or documented placeholder is a different result.
- Numeric calculations use binary floating point unless exact decimal-integer arithmetic is explicitly stated. No hidden measurement tolerance or decimal rounding is added; nonfinite or out-of-contract results are rejected. Numeric signed-zero results are exported as zero.
Alternative or Complementary methods
Use a complete hydraulic and treatment model when changing flows, turbulence, media behavior or safety margins matter.
References
Similar or alternative tools
- Filter BED Contact Volume Factor
Return bedVolume = flow*emptyBedContactTime.
- Bioswale Hydraulic Retention One Event Tool
Nominal V/Q residence using constant combined outflow; this is not a routed storm hydrograph.