Use this engineering calculation for a transparent preliminary estimate or independent arithmetic check when geometry, materials, loads, operating conditions, and units are defined consistently.

Contact Area Square Millimeters (mm²)

Required number input.

Mean Flow Stress Megapascals (MPa)

Required number input.

Shape Factor

Required number input.

First-pass forging force from projected contact area, average flow stress and a supplied dimensionless shape/friction factor. The tool evaluates the supplied inputs together and returns the named outputs below; it does not infer omitted operating conditions or change the units shown.^[1]

Force Newtons (N)

The resulting force newtons returned as a number.

• Forming-force and reduction estimates depend on material flow stress, temperature, strain rate, friction, die geometry, redundant work, anisotropy, lubrication, and machine stiffness. Process windows and defects require material-specific data or simulation.
• Use finite inputs in the displayed units and preserve more precision than the final presentation requires. Independently verify safety-critical, financial, compliance, or production decisions.

Check assumptions against drawings, measurements, current material data, and the applicable design code. Apply required load combinations and safety factors, then obtain qualified review and testing for consequential designs.

• Bolt Shear Capacity

  Nominal single-shear force from bolt shear area times a user-supplied allowable shear stress; not a code-rated connection capacity.

• Bolt Tensile Capacity

  Nominal axial force from bolt tensile stress area times a user-supplied allowable tensile stress; excludes prying and interaction.

• Extrusion Pressure

  Ideal frictionless extrusion pressure from a supplied mean flow stress times ln(initial area/final area); actual die pressure may be higher.