Use this approximation algorithm when a fast solution with a stated worst-case bound is more important than proving that the returned solution is optimal.

Edges

Required object input.

Build a maximal matching and select both endpoints for an unweighted factor-2 vertex cover. The tool evaluates the supplied inputs together and returns the named outputs below; it does not infer omitted operating conditions or change the units shown.^[1]

Approximate vertex cover

The resulting approximate vertex cover returned as an object.

• The approximation guarantee bounds solution quality in the worst case; it does not make every output close to optimal or establish the optimum for the supplied instance. Input modeling choices can dominate the result.
• Use finite inputs in the displayed units and preserve more precision than the final presentation requires. Independently verify safety-critical, financial, compliance, or production decisions.

For small instances, compare against an exact solver. For larger instances, compare multiple heuristics and report the guarantee, runtime, and objective value together.

• SPAD To Chlorophyll

  Estimate chlorophyll content from a SPAD reading with the documented linear approximation chlorophyll = SPAD value times conversion factor, where the factor defaults to 0.4.

• Workbench Vise Jaw Width

  Minimum vise jaw width needed to cover a workpiece plus equal clamping margins on both sides.

• Fugacity From Z

  Estimate gas fugacity from a pressure-virial compressibility factor using ln(phi) ≈ Z-1 and f = phi·P; this second-virial approximation is for low pressure.