Use this calculation for a first-order acoustics estimate when the stated geometry, propagation model, averaging convention, reference quantity, and SI units match the measurement or design problem.

Density Kg Per Cubic Meter

A finite measured or assumed value greater than or equal to 0, expressed in kg/m3.

Speed Meters Per Second

A finite measured or assumed value greater than or equal to 0, expressed in m/s.

The implemented rule is: Characteristic specific acoustic impedance rho*c for a uniform medium.^[1]

Impedance Rayls

The calculated impedance rayls, expressed in rayl.

This is an idealized calculation rather than a complete acoustic simulation or measurement. Reflections, boundary conditions, directivity, damping, frequency dependence, near-field behavior, background noise, transducer response, temperature, humidity, and geometry can change a real result.

Confirm important results with calibrated measurements or a model that includes the actual geometry, materials, boundaries, source directivity, and frequency-dependent losses. Preserve the reference quantity and weighting whenever a result is expressed in decibels.

• Bulk Modulus From Sound Speed

  Adiabatic bulk modulus rho*c² from medium density and sound speed.

• Particle Velocity From Pressure

  Particle velocity amplitude for a traveling plane wave from pressure amplitude and characteristic impedance.

• Acoustic Intensity From Spl

  Plane-wave free-field intensity from sound-pressure level, assuming the conventional 10^-12 W/m² reference.