Use this calculation to reproduce a defined quantitative method when the observations, units, sampling process, and assumptions match the method shown here.

Sample A

Required list. First sample values.

Sample B

Required list. Second sample values.

The cited overview of Permutation test supplies background for the terminology and domain context used by this tool.^[1]

Exact two-sided permutation test on the difference of two group means; all C(nA+nB, nA) group assignments of the pooled sample (each sample capped at 8 values) are enumerated deterministically. Inputs are interpreted exactly in the displayed units and the calculation returns the following fields without presentation rounding.

Observed difference

Returned number. Observed mean(A) minus mean(B).

p value

Returned number. Two-sided exact p value over all enumerated assignments.

Assignment count

Returned integer. Number of distinct label assignments C(nA+nB, nA).

• A numerical result does not by itself establish data quality, causation, representativeness, independence, distributional fit, or practical significance.
• Sample A must be no greater than 8.
• Sample B must be no greater than 8.
• Use finite inputs in the displayed units, preserve source measurements and assumptions, and independently verify consequential decisions.

Inspect the underlying data, visualize its distribution, report uncertainty and sample size, and compare the result with a robust or domain-specific method where appropriate.

• Fisher's Exact Test

  Compute the two-sided Fisher exact p-value for a 2×2 contingency table with fixed margins. Tables above 10,000 total observations are rejected to bound exact enumeration.

• Two-Sample T-Test Calculator

  Calculate Welch's or pooled two-sample t-test statistic.

• Pooled Standard Deviation Calculator

  Calculate pooled sample standard deviation from two sample variances and sizes.