Use this semiconductor calculation for first-order device, material, fabrication, interconnect, packaging, or reliability estimates when every coefficient and unit convention is known.

Band gap (eV)

Required number in eV. Band gap energy.

Nc (cm^-3)

Optional number in cm^-3. Conduction-band effective density of states.

Nv (cm^-3)

Optional number in cm^-3. Valence-band effective density of states.

Temperature (K)

Optional number in K. Absolute temperature used in the density-of-states correction.

The cited overview of Fermi level supplies background for the terminology and domain context used by this tool.^[1]

Compute the intrinsic Fermi level relative to the valence-band edge. Inputs are interpreted exactly in the displayed units and the calculation returns the following fields without presentation rounding.

Ei (eV)

Returned number in eV. Intrinsic Fermi level above the valence-band edge.

• Material composition, geometry, process history, temperature, electric field, bias, interfaces, parasitics, and fitted parameter ranges can invalidate a compact semiconductor model.
• Band gap must be at least 5e-324.
• Nc must be at least 5e-324.
• Nv must be at least 5e-324.
• Temperature must be at least 5e-324.
• Use finite inputs in the displayed units, preserve source measurements and assumptions, and independently verify consequential decisions.

Compare the estimate with measured process data, current device documentation, and a higher-fidelity circuit, field, thermal, quantum, or TCAD model when the decision requires it.

• Electron Quasi-Fermi Level Shift Calculator

  Compute the electron quasi-Fermi level relative to the intrinsic level from their concentration ratio under the nondegenerate 300 K approximation.

• Fermi Level N-Type Calculator

  Compute the n-type Fermi level offset from the intrinsic level (EF − Ei) at a supplied temperature.

• Fermi Level P-Type Calculator

  Compute the p-type Fermi level offset from the intrinsic level (EF − Ei) at a supplied temperature.