Use this seismology calculation to reproduce a stated convention, screen observations, or compare scenarios whose units, coordinate conventions, catalog selection, and model assumptions are known.

R_s (kΩ)

Required number in kΩ. Sensor output impedance.

R_in (MΩ)

Required number in MΩ. Digitizer input impedance.

The cited overview of Seismology supplies background for the terminology and domain context used by this tool.^[1]

Voltage divider loading error when a sensor drives the digitizer input impedance. Inputs are interpreted exactly in the displayed units and the calculation returns the following fields without presentation rounding.

ε% (%)

Returned number in %. Magnitude of the amplitude error.

<0.1%?

Returned boolean. Whether loading stays under 0.1 percent.

• Earth structure, source geometry, path effects, site response, instrument response, catalog completeness, uncertainty, and the fitted range can dominate the accuracy of simplified seismic calculations.
• R_s must be at least 0.
• R_in must be at least 0.
• Use finite inputs in the displayed units, preserve source measurements and assumptions, and independently verify consequential decisions.

For analysis or hazard decisions, retain uncertainty and provenance and compare the result with waveform processing, calibrated regional models, and guidance from qualified seismologists or the responsible agency.

• ADC Clip Level Full Scale Counts Calculator

  Digitizer LSB size and clip voltage from bit depth and full-scale range.

• Azimuthal Hole Location Bias Warning Checker

  Warn when the station azimuthal gap is wide enough to push hypocentres systematically into the gap.

• B Value Standard Error Shi Bolt Formula

  Shi & Bolt (1982) b-value uncertainty, simplified for unit-variance magnitude residuals: σ_b = 2.30·b²/√(N−1); supply magnitude residuals for the full Σ(Mᵢ−M̄)² form.