Catalan Number Checker
Check whether a nonnegative safe integer is a Catalan number generated with the exact recurrence C(k+1) = C(k) * 2(2k+1) / (k+2).
Description
Check whether a nonnegative safe integer is a Catalan number generated with the exact recurrence C(k+1) = C(k) * 2(2k+1) / (k+2).