Use this mortality or life-table method when age intervals, deaths, exposures, survivorship, and open-ended interval assumptions refer to the same population and period.

lM

Maternal survivorship lM from ages 0 upward in five-year steps, each in (0, 1].

Mean maternity age

Mean age of mothers at childbirth in years; supply a value estimated for the population.

Child age

Child age at which orphanhood is evaluated.

lM(M)

Interpolated lM at the mother's mean maternity age.

lM(M+a)

Interpolated lM when the child reaches the target age.

Mother alive

Estimated proportion of children with a living mother.

Orphaned

Estimated proportion maternally orphaned before the target age.

Life-table results depend on age grouping, exposure quality, the treatment of the first and terminal intervals, and assumptions about deaths within each interval. Sparse deaths can make rates unstable.

Complement a summary mortality result with age-specific death rates, survivorship, and exposure counts. A complete life table is preferable when the question involves several ages or remaining life expectancy.

• MMR Maternal Mortality Ratio Calculator

  Compute the maternal mortality ratio as deaths attributed to pregnancy and childbirth per one hundred thousand live births.

• Abridged To Complete Extension Open Calculator

  Extend an abridged life table into the terminal open interval using L = l / m for person-years lived and e = 1 / m for the remaining expectancy at the open age.

• Adult Mortality 45q15 Calculator

  Convert age-specific death rates for the five-year groups from age 15 into the probability of dying between ages 15 and 60 using q = n m / (1 + (n - a) m), with a default a of n/2 years.