Use Goldman Equation when you need to compute the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz steady-state membrane potential at 37 degrees Celsius with the z=+1 cation form for potassium and sodium and inverted terms for chloride: VM = 61.5 x log10((pK x KOut + pNa x NaOut + pCl x ClIn) / (pK x KIn + pNa x NaIn + pCl x ClOut)) mV. Enter PK, PNa, PCl, K outside, K inside, Na outside, Na inside, Cl outside, and Cl inside using the definitions and units below so the result can be reproduced.

PK

Potassium relative permeability; must not be negative.

PNa

Sodium relative permeability; must not be negative.

PCl

Chloride relative permeability; must not be negative.

K outside

Extracellular potassium in mmol/L; must be greater than zero.

K inside

Intracellular potassium in mmol/L; must be greater than zero.

Na outside

Extracellular sodium in mmol/L; must be greater than zero.

Na inside

Intracellular sodium in mmol/L; must be greater than zero.

Cl outside

Extracellular chloride in mmol/L; must be greater than zero.

Cl inside

Intracellular chloride in mmol/L; must be greater than zero.

The published tool contract uses this rule: Compute the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz steady-state membrane potential at 37 degrees Celsius with the z=+1 cation form for potassium and sodium and inverted terms for chloride: VM = 61.5 x log10((pK x KOut + pNa x NaOut + pCl x ClIn) / (pK x KIn + pNa x NaIn + pCl x ClOut)) mV.

Membrane potential

Signed resting membrane potential in millivolts.

The calculation does not propagate measurement uncertainty, sampling error, or biological and chemical variability.

Retain the original PK, PNa, PCl, K outside, K inside, Na outside, Na inside, Cl outside, and Cl inside values and their units alongside the result. Nernst Membrane Potential is useful when you instead need to compute the Nernst equilibrium potential at 37 degrees Celsius in millivolts: EMV = (61.5 / z) x log10(outsideConcentration / insideConcentration), signed positive for outward cation gradient driving force. Donnan Potential provides another view by helping you compute the equilibrium potential at 25 °C from the inside-to-outside concentration ratio. The base-10 Nernst factor is 59.16 mV per tenfold concentration gradient and is divided by ion valence.

• Nernst Membrane Potential

  Compute the Nernst equilibrium potential at 37 degrees Celsius in millivolts: EMV = (61.5 / z) x log10(outsideConcentration / insideConcentration), signed positive for outward cation gradient driving force.

• Donnan Potential

  Compute the equilibrium potential at 25 °C from the inside-to-outside concentration ratio. The base-10 Nernst factor is 59.16 mV per tenfold concentration gradient and is divided by ion valence.

• CMS Percent

  Compute cell membrane stability as a percentage by comparing the control conductivity ratio to the treated conductivity ratio, control divided by treated times one hundred, clamped to the range zero through one hundred.