Use the result for a transparent first-pass actuarial calculation when the probability, interest, exposure, and timing assumptions are already defined on a consistent basis.

Current cumulative losses

Cumulative losses at the later valuation, aligned with the prior list.

Prior cumulative losses

Cumulative losses at the earlier valuation for the same exposure units.

Calculate the volume-weighted chain ladder age-to-age development factor from paired cumulative losses. The tool evaluates the supplied inputs together and returns the named outputs below; it does not infer omitted operating conditions or change the units shown.^[1]

Development factor

Volume-weighted factor applied to prior cumulative losses to project the current total.

• Actuarial results are conditional on the supplied mortality, survival, loss, interest, or development assumptions. They are not a premium opinion, reserve certification, or substitute for experience analysis and regulatory judgment.
• Use finite inputs in the displayed units and preserve more precision than the final presentation requires. Independently verify safety-critical, financial, compliance, or production decisions.

Compare the result with a second reserving, credibility, or life-contingency method and test how it changes under plausible assumption ranges. Retain the basis and valuation date with the result.

• Experience Modification Factor Calculator

  Calculate a workers' compensation experience modification factor using primary losses, weighted excess losses, expected losses, and a ballast value.

• Apportionable Premium Factor Calculator

  Calculate the apportionable premium factor that adjusts an annual premium for installment payment frequency assuming claims occur uniformly over the year.

• Entry Age Normal Liability Calculator

  Allocate a projected lump-sum retirement benefit to level annual normal costs from entry age to retirement and calculate the accrued liability for completed service.